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A study highlights the potential of a new mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1769, to provide stronger protection against the mpox virus (MPXV) than current vaccines. Mpox, a virus related to smallpox, has caused periodic outbreaks in Central and West Africa since the 1970s and more recently spread globally, leading to over 90,000 cases in 2022.
While the current JYNNEOS vaccine, based on the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus, provides some protection, it faces challenges like limited supply and uncertainty in effectiveness against more severe strains. With an ongoing mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo showing a higher fatality rate, the search for better vaccines has become urgent.
In the study, researchers tested mRNA-1769 alongside JYNNEOS in nonhuman primates. Both vaccines offered protection from a lethal strain of MPXV, but mRNA-1769 showed an advantage, resulting in fewer lesions, a shorter illness duration, and lower viral levels. The mRNA vaccine also triggered a stronger immune response, particularly in neutralizing the virus and activating immune cells to fight infection.
These findings suggest that mRNA technology could lead to more effective mpox vaccines, offering hope for better control of future outbreaks. While more research is needed, this study points to the promise of mRNA vaccines in addressing emerging viral threats.